What To Know About Brittle Nails

Brittle nails (onychoschizia) are a common issue that often occurs due to moisture imbalances, repeated damage, and aging. A person’s nails may start splitting at the free end of the nail. Other common presentations include a loss of keratin in the nail and deep vertical splitting of the nail. Brittle nails may become thick, breakable, or soft and pliable. In many cases, people with brittle nails can take steps to strengthen them and prevent future issues.

Nail brittleness occurs due to repeated damage to the nails, although the exact cause is not always obvious. While direct impact damage can cause nail brittleness, water submersion, chemical nail products, and over-moisturizing the nails may also cause damage.

Too little moisture

Frequent wetting and drying of the nails from activities such as hand washing or doing the dishes can strip the moisture from the nails. This lack of moisture can lead to thinning and brittleness.

People are also more likely to have dry nails in hot, dry environments or during the winter months.

Age

Age can affect the strength of a person’s nails. Nails naturally decrease in strength over time, which can cause them to break more easily.

Underlying conditions

Some underlying conditions can cause brittle nails. These include:

• some forms of psoriasis
• eczema
• anemia
• thyroid disorders

The exact mechanism by which this occurs will vary.

Deficiencies

Older research suggests that some vitamin and mineral deficiencies can affect nail integrity. Researchers noted associations between iron, zinc, and selenium deficiencies and brittle nail risk.

There are limited treatments and medications available for brittle nails. A doctor may simply recommend taking supplements to strengthen them.

However, the following home care tips may help strengthen the nails...

Applying nail hardener

For people with soft nails, applying a clear coat of nail polish or another nail product may help increase nail strength over time.

Moisturizing

People with dry nails may wish to consider using a moisturizer on their hands and nails. They can do this during the day or at night before bed. Increasing moisture can help dry nails become less brittle.

Wearing gloves

Wearing gloves when washing the dishes or using cleaning products can help prevent further damage and strengthen the nails.

Diet and nutrition

• Making some of the following changes to diet may help strengthen brittle nails:
• Getting adequate protein in the diet: Nails are largely made up of keratin protein. Eating the right amount of protein is vital for boosting keratin production and maintaining strong nails.
• Eating iron-rich foods: If a person has an iron deficiency or anemia, they should consider eating foods rich in iron, such as red meat or spinach. They may also consider taking iron supplements, but they should consult their doctor first, as these can interact with certain medications.

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