The nail is composed of seven parts, each with its unique role in maintaining the strength and health of our nails.
Nail plate (body): The hard, keratinized structure that forms the visible part of the nail.
Nail folds (groove): The skin surrounding and supporting the nail on three sides.
Nail bed (sterile matrix): The pinkish tissue underneath the nail plate.
Germinal matrix: The base of the nail bed.
Hyponychium: The skin beneath the free edge of the nail.
Cuticle (eponychium): The thin layer of tissue covering the base of the nail plate.
Lunula: The half-moon-shaped area at the base of the nail, representing the visible part of the nail’s root.
Now that we know the seven parts of the nail, let’s dive deeper into their functions;
- The nail plate gives our nails their characteristic shape and appearance. It also helps protect the underlying tissues.
- The nail folds provide protection and support for the sides of the nail, keeping it in place.
- The nail bed nourishes the nail plate through a network of blood vessels and determines the shape and thickness of our nails.
- The germinal matrix produces new cells that contribute to nail growth and development.
- The hyponychium is a barrier protecting the sensitive nail bed from exposure to external elements.
- The cuticle prevents bacteria and other harmful substances from entering the body through the nail plate.
- The lunula is an important landmark for dermatologists, as changes in its appearance can indicate certain health conditions or nutritional deficiencies.
